Morbidity and Mortality | Group | p* | ||
Laparoscopic (n = 35) | Training (n = 30) | Robotic (n = 65) | ||
Intra-Operative Complication |
|
|
|
|
Open Conversion | 12 (34.2) | 4 (20.0) | 3 (4.6) | <0.01 |
Postoperative Morbidity | 7 (20.0) | 8 (40.0) | 16 (24.2) | 0.80 |
Local |
|
|
|
|
Hematoma | 1 (2.9) | - | - | 0.35 |
Wound Infection | - | - | - | 1 |
Anastomotic Leak | - | 2 (6.7) | - | 1 |
Intraperitoneal Abscess | - | - | - | 1 |
Bowel Obstruction | - | 1 (3.3) | 2 (3.1) | 0.54 |
Intraperitoneal Bleeding | - | - | - | 1 |
Anastomotic Stenosis | - | - | - | 1 |
Anastomotic Bleeding | 1 (2.9) | 1 (3.3) | 2 (3.1) | 1 |
Systemic |
|
|
|
|
Atelectasis | - | - | 1 (1.5) | 1 |
Anemia Requiring Transfusion | - | - | 2 (3.1) | 1 |
Ileus | 4 (11.4) | 2 (6.7) | 3 (4.6) | 0.24 |
Urinary Retention | - | - | - | 1 |
Pneumonia | - | - | 1 (1.5) | 1 |
Pulmonary Embolism | - | - | - | 1 |
Pulmonary Edema | - | - | 1 (1.5) | 1 |
Cardiac Arrest | - | - | 1 (1.5) | 1 |
ICU Care | 1 (2.9) | - | 1 (1.5) | 1 |
Mortality | - | - | 1 (1.5) | 1 |
Reoperation | - | 2 (6.7) | 1 (1.5) | 1 |