Soil parameters at various depth classes

Ungrazed

Least grazed

Moderate Grazed

Heavily grazed

OC (%)

0 - 5

24.36 ± 1.22^a

15.95 ± 1.91^a

20.02 ± 1.81^a

20.12 ± 1.91^a

5 - 10

16.09 ± 0.72^b

12.07 ± 1.25^a

13.62 ± 0.77^b

13.73 ± 1.55^b

10 - 20

9.70 ± 0.64^c

5.9 ± 1.23^b

7.44 ± 1.03^c

6.7 ± 0.67^c

F = 66.24, df = 29, p = 0.0001

F = 11.44, df = 29, p = 0.0003

F = 23.82, df = 29,

P = 0.0001

F = 20.67, df = 29,

P = 0.0001

N (%)

0 - 5

1.38 ± 0.07^a

0.86 ± 0.11^a

0.92 ± 0.12^a

1.06 ± 0.07^a

5 - 10

0.94 ± 0.05^b

0.69 ± 0.06^a

0.83 ± 0.05^b

0.76 ± 0.07^b

10 - 20

0.57 ± 0.042^c

0.34 ± 0.07^b

0.39 ± 0.05^c

0.33 ± 0.05 ^c

F = 49.42, df = 29, p = 0.0001

F = 9.45, df = 29 p = 0.0008

F = 12.36, df = 29, p = 0.0002

F = 1.6, df = 29,

p = 0.21

P (%)

0 - 5

0.05 ± 0.01^a

0.19 ± 0.01

0.18 ± 0.02

0.29 ± 0.01^a

5 - 10

0.11 ± 0.02^a

0.21 ± 0.01

0.16 ± 0.01

0.32 ± 0.01^ab

10 - 20

0.278 ± 0.03^b

0.251 ± 0.03

0.150 ± 0.01

0.34 ± 0.006^b

F = 22.20,df = 29, p = 0.0001

F = 2.01, df = 29, p = 0.153

F = 1.65, df = 29, p = 0.21

F = 4.26, df = 29, p = 0.0247

CEC (meq./100g)

0 - 5

146.01 ± 4.76^a

114.28 ± 7.49^a

110.93 ± 6.95

98.59 ± 4.24^ab

5 - 10

122.65 ± 2.79^ab

101.31 ± 5.22^ab

99.53 ± 5.59^ab

91.48 ± 4.28^b

10 - 20

95.01 ± 11.55^b

75.58 ± 5.55^c

79.75 ± 4.01^b

75.28 ± 4.28^c

F = 11.93, f = 29, p = 0.0002

F = 12.23, df = 29, p = 0.0005

F = 7.82, df = 29, p = 0.0021

F = 7.84, df = 29, p = 0.0021

SFD ×10⁵ (cfu/g dwt)

0 - 5

7.67 ± 0.39^a

5.75 ± 0.21^a

2.6 ± 0.40^a

0.48 ± 0.19

5 - 10

4.77 ± 0.44^b

2.97 ± 0.31^b

1.6 ± 0.37^b

0.28 ± 0.07

10 - 20

2.15 ± 0.35^c

1.7 ± 0.31^c

1.03 ± 0.23^b

0.27 ± 0.05

F = 46.86,df = 29,

p = 0.0001

F = 46.36, df = 29,

P = 0.0001

F = 5.29, df = 29, p = 0.0115

F = 0.88, df = 29, p = 0.423

SAS (%)

0 - 5

80.53 ± 2.37

75.75 ± 2.118^a

73.31 ± 2.11

62.87 ± 1.09

5 - 10

73.78 ± 1.98

72.78 ± 3.29^ab

67.42 ± 2.42

66.13 ± 1.34

10 - 20

74.08 ± 2.14

83.143 ± 1.85^ac

63.849 ± 5.87

64.03 ± 1.12

F = 3.08, df = 29,

P = 0.062

F = 4.54, df = 29, p = 0.0199

F = 1.53, df = 29, p = 0.235

F = 1.92, df = 29, p = 0.166