Soil parameter | Ungrazed area | Least grazed area | Moderately grazed area | Heavily grazed area | ANOVA |
Organic carbon (%) | 16.71 ± 0.609a | 11.30 ± 1.28b | 13.69 ± 0.95b | 13.52 ± 1.28b | F = 7.12, df = 39, P = 0.0011 |
Phosphorus (%) | 0.15 ± 0.02a | 0.22 ± 0.015b | 0.16 ± 0.04b | 0.32 ± 0.01c | F = 30.88, df = 39, P < 0.0001 |
Nitrogen (%) | 0.96 ± 0.04a | 0.63 ± 0.07b | 0.72 ± 0.051b | 0.71 ± 0.06b | F = 7.12, df = 39, F = 0.0011 |
CEC (meq/100g) | 121.22 ± 4.28a | 97.05 ± 4.78b | 96.74 ± 5.28b | 88.45 ± 3.81b | F = 11.21, df = 39, p = 0.0001 |
SAS (%) | 76.13 ± 1.68a | 77.23 ± 1.96a | 68.19 ± 2.39b | 64.34 ± 0.76b | F = 10.78, df = 39, p < 0.0001 |
Soil fungal density ×105 (cfu/g dwt) | 4.86 ± 0.31a | 3.47 ± 0.23b | 1.54 ± 0.27c | 0.25 ± 0.02d | F = 71.41, df = 39, P < 0.0001 |