(1)

(2)

Dual Employment

Non Dual Employment

Innov

Innov

Degree

19.040**

5.987*

(2.160)

(1.833)

SA

−2.417

2.733

(−0.582)

(0.538)

SA × Degree

5.565**

1.669*

(2.322)

(1.970)

Size

4.580**

5.422***

(2.302)

(2.690)

ROA

0.268

−3.557

(0.021)

(−0.459)

Growth

1.357**

−0.043

(2.376)

(−0.071)

Lev

12.997**

4.102

(2.210)

(0.719)

Top1

0.132

0.066

(1.318)

(0.810)

Top31

4.545

0.620

(1.309)

(0.261)

o.DUAL

-

-

PID

−8.885

9.006

(−0.857)

(1.037)

State

0.975

(0.623)

Constant

−95.878***

−106.469**

(−2.745)

(−2.251)

IND

controlled

controlled

Year

controlled

controlled

Observations

246

273

Adjusted R-squared

0.136

0.170