Variable Name

Variable

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

Number of industrial robots

lnR

0.073

(0.145)

0.067

(0.162)

0.082

(0.154)

0.118*

(0.151)

0.121*

(0.156)

Skill-based structure of Labor supply

SHL

0.354

(0.456)

0.287

(0.452)

Foreign direct investment

fdi

0.075**

(0.013)

0.086**

(0.023)

0.078**

(0.023)

0.081**

(0.019)

GDP per capita

pgdp

−0.067

(0.127)

−0.158

(0.130)

−0.147

(0.137)

−0.012

(0.125)

Proportion of state-owned economy

mon

−0.388

(0.450)

−0.492

(0.448)

−0.692

(0.409)

−0.631

(0.409)

Fixed asset investment

lngdk

0.020

(0.147)

Population structure (aging situation)

old

−0.230

(0.295)

−0.081*

(0.323)

−0.004*

(0.287)

Industrial structure

lnst

1.968

(1.455)

1.318

(1.329)

1.007

(1.299)

Constant term

-cons

1.066***

(0.483)

1.387***

(0.418)

1.306***

(0.472)

1.254***

(0.510)

2.061***

(0.42)

R²

R²

0.506

0.531

0.543

0.483

0.505

Adjusted R²

adj.R²

0.489

0.508

0.516

0.448

0.470

Observations

N

300

300

300

300

300