| Mean | S.D. | Median | Min. | Max. | |
| Intellectual property characteristics | |||||
| 12 months model | |||||
| New patent applications after round | 5.8 | 19.6 | 0 | 0 | 225 |
| Patent applications before round | 8.7 | 24.0 | 1 | 0 | 303 |
| Patent dummy (in %) | 18.5 | 0 | 0 | 1 | |
| New citation-weighted patents after round | 158.5 | 2435.1 | 0 | 0 | 55,653 |
| Citation-weighted patents before round | 68.0 | 320.4 | 0 | 0 | 6808 |
| Citations dummy (in %) | 15.4 | 0 | 0 | 1 | |
| Patent literature bwd. references | 482.1 | 3258.1 | 0 | 0 | 62,300 |
| Non-patent literature bwd. references | 943.2 | 11,187.4 | 0 | 0 | 244,923 |
| New trademark applications after round | 3.3 | 5.9 | 2 | 0 | 84 |
| Trademark applications before round | 1.8 | 3.2 | 0 | 0 | 28 |
| Trademark dummy (in %) | 10.0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | |
| 24 months model | |||||
| New patent applications after round | 11.3 | 29.6 | 2 | 0 | 278 |
| Patent applications before round | 6.0 | 18.1 | 0 | 0 | 193 |
| Patent dummy (in %) | 13.5 | 0 | 0 | 1 | |
| New citation-weighted patents after round | 202.7 | 2460.4 | 1 | 0 | 55,938 |
| Citation-weighted patents before round | 43.5 | 262.4 | 0 | 0 | 6808 |
| Citations dummy (in %) | 11.6 | 0 | 0 | 1 | |
| Patent literature bwd. references | 320.5 | 2623.8 | 0 | 0 | 62,300 |
| Non-patent literature bwd. references | 690.6 | 10,123.3 | 0 | 0 | 232,779 |
| New trademark applications after round | 5.8 | 9.2 | 3 | 0 | 118 |
| Trademark applications before round | 0.9 | 2.1 | 0 | 0 | 19 |
| Trademark dummy (in %) | 6.5 | 0 | 0 | 1 |