| Variables | Direct effect | Indirect effect | Overall effect |
| ES | 0.35 | 0.35 × 0.90 | 0.32 |
| EM | 0.30 | 0.30 × 0.90 | 0.27 |
| US | 0.26 | 0.26 × 0.90 | 0.23 |
| IT | 0.90 | 0.90 | 0.90 |