variables

Non-DR group (n = 952)

DR group (n = 619)

p

Male (%)

599/353 (62.92%)

404/215 (65.27%)

0.344

Age (y)^*

53 (45, 60)

56 (49, 63)

0.000

Duration of DM (y)^*

5 (2, 10)

10 (4, 16)

0.000

Smoking (%)^*

212/740 (22.27%)

216/403 (34.89%)

0.000

Drinking (%)^*

298/654 (31.30%)

228/391 (36.83%)

0.023

Weight (kg) ^*

72.00 (64.00, 80.00)

74.00 (66.00, 81.00)

0.008

BMI (kg/m²)^*

25.39 (23.40, 27.55)

25.86 (23.81, 28.09)

0.005

Systolic BP (mmHg)^*

132 (120, 144)

138 (125, 152)

0.000

Diastolic BP (mmHg)

83 (77, 91)

83 (75, 91)

0.507

GA (%)^*

20.20 (16.70, 25.10)

21.20 (17.80, 25.90)

0.000

HbA1c (%)^*

8.30 (7.10, 9.80)

8.50 (7.30, 9.90)

0.025

GA/HbA1C^*

2.45 (2.24, 2.67)

2.51 (2.28, 2.77)

0.000

C-peptide (fasting) (pmol/L)

1.40 (0.90, 2.20)

1.50 (1.00, 2.00)

0.743

C-peptide 30 min (pmol/L)

2.20 (1.40, 3.20)

2.10 (1.50, 2.90)

0.083

C-peptide 60 min (pmol/L)^*

3.30 (2.10, 4.80)

3.00 (2.10, 4.30)

0.022

C-peptide 120 min (pmol/L)

4.70 (3.20, 6.70)

4.30 (2.90, 5.90)

0.000

UACR (mg/mmol)^*

1.69 (1.13, 3.41)

3.41 (1.69, 8.47)

0.000

Total cholesterol (mmol/L) ^*

4.84 (4.27, 5.54)

5.10 (4.39, 5.98)

0.001

Triglycerides (mmol/L) ^*

1.65 (1.06, 2.40)

1.76 (1.17, 2.68)

0.028

HDL-cholesterol (mmol/L)

1.23 (1.07, 1.45)

1.21 (1.03, 1.43)

0.516

LDL-cholesterol (mmol/L)

2.88 (2.35, 3.44)

2.99 (2.33, 3.71)

0.097

apoA (g/L)

1.30 (1.16, 1.45)

1.28 (1.113, 1.47)

0.818

apoB (g/L)^*

0.98 (0.81, 1.13)

1.05 (0.89, 1.22)

0.000