Classification

Bone mineral density by DXA

T-score

Normal

Within 1 SD of the mean level for a young adult reference population

−1.0 and above

Low bone mass (osteopenia)

Between 1 and 2.5 SD below that of the mean level for a young adult reference population

−1.0 and −2.5

Osteoporosis

2.5 or more below that of the mean level for a young adult reference population

At or below −2.5

Severe or established osteoporosis

2.5 or more below that of the mean level for a young adult reference population with fractures

At or below −2.5 with one or more fractures