Symptoms | Total (ns = 62) |
Headache | 47 (76%) |
Moderate-to-severe pneumonia | 42 (67%) |
Peri-orbital or retro-orbital pain | 38 (61%) |
Visual loss | 28 (45%) |
Facial numbness | 26 (42%) |
Rhinorrhea | 18 (29%) |
Fever | 15 (24%) |
Altered mental status | 13 (21%) |
Diplopia | 12 (19%) |
Epistaxis | 11 (18%) |
Facial skin problems | 12 (19%) |
Erythema | 9 (15%) |
Ulceration | 1 (2%) |
Neurologic loss of consciousness | 12 (19%) |
Palsies of cranial nerves | 33 (53%) |
Endoscopy findings |
|
Necrosis | 44 (70%) |
Discharge | 38 (61%) |
Crusting | 34 (54%) |
Edema | 11 (17%) |
Paleness | 11 (17%) |
Polyps | 7 (11%) |
Imaging findings |
|
Mucosal thickening | 43 (69%) |
Opacification of sinus | 43 (69%) |
Bony destruction of sinus | 22 (35%) |
Orbit | 16 (25%) |
Orbital involvement | 13 (20%) |
Central nervous system lesions | 1 (1.7%) |
Ocular symptoms (right eye = 17, left = 30, both = 3) | 51 (82%) |
Vision loss | 35 (56%) |
Ptosis | 31 (50%) |
Proptosis | 27 (44%) |
Ophthalmoplegia | 25 (40%) |
Chemosis | 20 (32%) |
Pre-orbital swelling | 19 (31%) |
Pre-orbital inflammation | 18 (29%) |