Background variable

Artificial intelligence literacy

Artificial intelligence consciousness

Intelligent technology application

Practical and innovative thinking

Intelligent social responsibility

Self-efficacy level

Low ①

56.95

17.86

22.67

16.59

14.58

Middle ②

68.61

21.06

25.67

19.46

16.17

High ③

81.33

27.60

31.06

27.35

21.13

F

2643.18***

1649.47***

244.25***

4462.97***

1211.17***

Post-event comparison

③ > ② > ①

③ > ② > ①

③ > ② > ①

③ > ② > ①

③ > ② > ①

Critical thinking level

Low ①

53.06

17.86

22.67

16.59

14.58

Middle ②

60.77

21.06

25.67

19.46

16.17

High ③

80.15

27.60

31.06

27.35

21.13

F

2736.41***

1645.60***

304.54***

4117.48***

1345.22***

Post-event comparison

③ > ② > ①

③ > ② > ①

③ > ② > ①

③ > ② > ①

③ > ② > ①

Learning value and goal level

Low ①

52.83

17.77

22.32

16.77

14.44

Middle ②

62.48

21.06

28.98

20.50

16.14

High ③

80.97

27.95

30.88

27.62

21.42

F

3725.75***

2572.94***

175.88***

4843.44***

2148.06***

Post-event comparison

③ > ② > ①

③ > ② > ①

③ > ② > ①

③ > ② > ①

③ > ② > ①