Fiber | Matrix | Treatment | Remarks |
Sisal and Roselle [69] | Hybrid Polyester | · NaOH | Raising the immersion duration resulted in: · Flexural strength increases by 59% · Tensile strength increases by 47% |
Agave [48] | Epoxy | · NaOH | Increased duration of the treatment caused: · Fibers’ tissue damages · Interfacial adhesion decreases |
Hemp [65] | polyester | · NaOH · Acetylation · Salination | · Fibers treated with 8% NaOH had more tensile strength as compared to untreated fibers. · Saline treatment led to lower the adhesion quality between the matrix and fiber |
Coir [66] | Polyethylene | · Silane (0.5 wt%) · NaOH (1.6 mol/L) · Dodecane bromide (C12) (3 mL) | · Silane increased adhesion force by 12% · NaOH decreased adhesion by 4% · C12 increased adhesion force by 4% |
Betel nut [16] | · Polyester · Epoxy | · HCl 4% · HCl 6% · NaOH 4% · NaOH 6% | · 6% NaOH with polyester increased adhesion force by 130% · 6% NaOH with epoxy increased adhesion force by 112% |
Banana [67] | · Polylactide (PLA) | · NaOH 10% | · Interfacial adhesion increased by 93% |
Shalwan and Yousif [24] | · Epoxy | · 6% NaOH | · Highly enhanced the interfacial adhesion compared to the untreated fibers |