Fiber

Matrix

Treatment

Remarks

Sisal and Roselle [69]

Hybrid Polyester

· NaOH

Raising the immersion duration resulted in:

· Flexural strength increases by 59%

· Tensile strength increases by 47%

Agave [48]

Epoxy

· NaOH

Increased duration of the treatment caused:

· Fibers’ tissue damages

· Interfacial adhesion decreases

Hemp [65]

polyester

· NaOH

· Acetylation

· Salination

· Fibers treated with 8% NaOH had more tensile strength as compared to untreated fibers.

· Saline treatment led to lower the adhesion quality between the matrix and fiber

Coir [66]

Polyethylene

· Silane (0.5 wt%)

· NaOH (1.6 mol/L)

· Dodecane bromide (C12) (3 mL)

· Silane increased adhesion force by 12%

· NaOH decreased adhesion by 4%

· C12 increased adhesion force by 4%

Betel nut [16]

· Polyester

· Epoxy

· HCl 4%

· HCl 6%

· NaOH 4%

· NaOH 6%

· 6% NaOH with polyester increased adhesion force by 130%

· 6% NaOH with epoxy increased adhesion force by 112%

Banana [67]

· Polylactide (PLA)

· NaOH 10%

· Interfacial adhesion increased by 93%

Shalwan and Yousif [24]

· Epoxy

· 6% NaOH

· Highly enhanced the interfacial adhesion compared to the untreated fibers