Type of Load

L/D

R/t

Z

Pcr/Mcr/Tcr

P/Pcr/M/Mcr/T/Tcr

ξ = 0.1

ξ = 0.5

ξ = 1.0

Axial compressive load

5.0

500

47650

7077 N

0.918

0.798

0.660

0.5

500

477

7612 N

0.768

0.450

0.334

Bending load

5.0

500

47650

566.5 N-m

0.621

0.407

0.347

0.5

500

477

594.9 N-m

0.762

0.495

0.395

Torsion load

5.0

500

47650

1050.0 N-m

0.974

0.867

0.819

0.5

500

477

5465.5 N-m

0.909

0.754

0.767