L/D

R/t

Z

Tcr (N-m)

T/Tcr

ξ = 0.1

ξ = 0.5

ξ = 1.0

2.5

500

11913

1646.2

0.975

0.904

0.849

0.5

500

477

5465.5

0.909

0.754

0.767

2.5

100

2383

262320

0.948

0.845

0.754

0.5

100

95

71688

0.863

0.697

0.645