Variables | Main regression | Robustness checks | ||||||
OPEN1 | OPEN2 | OPEN3 | OPEN4 | OPEN1 | OPEN2 | OPEN3 | OPEN4 | |
L. InGDPPC | 0.852*** | 0.836*** | 0.883*** | 0.883*** | 0.852*** | 0.836*** | 0.883*** | 0.883*** |
(0.026) | (0.034) | (0.034) | (0.034) | (0.076) | (0.097) | (0.077) | (0.077) | |
OPEN’ | 0.064** | −0.089*** | 0.0733** | 0.0458** | 0.0649 | −0.0890 | 0.0733 | 0.0458 |
(0.026) | (0.030) | (0.0286) | (0.017) | (0.060) | (0.080) | (0.063) | (0.039) | |
InGFCF | 0.106*** | 0.151*** | 0.088*** | 0.088*** | 0.106*** | 0.151** | 0.088*** | 0.088*** |
(0.015) | (0.024) | (0.013) | (0.013) | (0.037) | (0.061) | (0.028) | (0.028) | |
lnLAB | −0.025*** | −0.046*** | −0.015* | −0.015* | −0.025 | −0.046 | −0.015 | −0.015 |
(0.008) | (0.0115) | (0.007) | (0.007) | (0.0207) | (0.037) | (0.016) | (0.016) | |
InEXC | −0.007 | −0.0170** | −0.005 | −0.005 | −0.007 | −0.017 | −0.005 | −0.005 |
(0.007) | (0.007) | (0.006) | (0.006) | (0.012) | (0.015) | (0.009) | (0.009) | |
InFD | 0.0251* | 0.0422*** | 0.0119 | 0.0119 | 0.0251 | 0.0422 | 0.0119 | 0.0119 |
(0.0137) | (0.013) | (0.011) | (0.011) | (0.030) | (0.042) | (0.024) | (0.024) | |
InFDI | −0.044*** | −0.018* | −0.036*** | −0.036*** | −0.044* | −0.018 | −0.036** | −0.036** |
(0.007) | (0.009) | (0.006) | (0.006) | (0.024) | (0.022) | (0.018) | (0.018) | |
InCPI | −0.0281 | −0.0350 | −0.0176 | −0.0176 | −0.0281 | −0.0350 | −0.0176 | −0.0176 |
(0.053) | (0.045) | (0.047) | (0.047) | (0.101) | (0.098) | (0.0698) | (0.069) | |
Constant | 1.147*** | 1.748*** | 0.613* | 0.854** | 1.147 | 1.748 | 0.613 | 0.854 |
(0.353) | (0.473) | (0.327) | (0.387) | (0.802) | (1.243) | (0.596) | (0.756) | |
Year dummies | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Observations | 936 | 936 | 936 | 936 | 936 | 936 | 936 | 936 |
Number of Country | 52 | 52 | 52 | 52 | 52 | 52 | 52 | 52 |
Instruments/Groups | 45/52 | 45/52 | 45/52 | 45/52 | 45/52 | 45/52 | 45/52 | 45/52 |
AR(1) | 0.004 | 0.004 | 0.004 | 0.004 | 0.005 | 0.006 | 0.005 | 0.005 |
AR(2) | 0.851 | 0.958 | 0.823 | 0.823 | 0.851 | 0.959 | 0.823 | 0.823 |
Sargan test | 0.120 | 0.008 | 0.109 | 0.109 | 0.120 | 0.008 | 0.109 | 0.109 |
Hansen test | 0.119 | 0.113 | 0.169 | 0.169 | 0.119 | 0.113 | 0.169 | 0.169 |