No. | Indicators | References |
1 | Weak and unmeasurable vision and mission | Beard, 2009; Wongrassamee and Simmons, 2003; Niven, 2002 |
2 | Complex organizational structure | Beard, 2009; Braam and Nijsen, 2004; Richardson, 2004 |
3 | Weak organizational capabilities | Basuony, 2014; Eliat et al., 2008; Braam and Nijsen, 2004; Voelker et al., 2001 |
4 | Low technological support | Chand et al., 2005; Braam and Nijsen, 2004; Norrie and Walker, 2004; Millis and Mercken, 2004; Figge et al., 2002 |
5 | Weak commitment | Atkinson, 2006; Davis and Albright, 2004; Norrie and Walker, 2004; Kim et al., 2002 |