| Mean | Ecart type | Min | Max | N |
COD | 0.04 | 0.03 | 0.001 | 0.08 | 290 |
BDSIZE | 8.7 | 2.10 | 5 | 12 | 290 |
BDIND | 0.75 | 0.28 | 0 | 1 | 290 |
ACIND | 0.59 | 0.42 | 0 | 1 | 290 |
MANAG | 0.05 | 0.09 | 0 | 0.4 | 290 |
INSTIT | 0.11 | 0.18 | 0 | 0.88 | 290 |
SIZE | 17.7 | 1.02 | 13.09 | 19.67 | 290 |
ROA | 0.06 | 0.07 | −0.25 | 0.33 | 290 |
LEV | 0.47 | 0.24 | 0.01 | 1 | 290 |
Variables dichotomiques | |||||
|
| Frequency | % | ||
AUDCOM | 1: if there is an audit committee | 19 | 82.61 | ||
0: otherwise | 4 | 17.39 | |||
BLOCK | 1: if there is a large shareholder holding more than 50 % of equity | 11 | 47.83 | ||
0: otherwise | 12 | 52.17 | |||
BIG4 | 1: if an audit report is signed by at least one auditor representing one of the Big 4 audit firms | 9 | 39.13 | ||
0: otherwise | 14 | 60.87 |