Series

M-test

ADF-test

t-value

p-value

t-value

p-value

Cu 1972-2008

−9.341

1.17 × 10−10

−9.341

<1.00 × 10−2

Cv 1972-2008

−6.776

1.38 × 10−07

−6.776

<1.00 × 10−2

Cx 1998-2008

−5.740

7.05 × 10−4

−5.740

<1.00 × 10−2

Cy 1998-2008

−3.523

9.68 × 10−3

−3.523

1.81 × 10−2

Px 1998-2008

−5.474

9.32 × 10−4

−5.474

<1.00 × 10−2

Py 1998-2008

−2.497

4.12 × 10−2

−2.497

1.47 × 10−2

w 1972-2008

−7.073

5.06 × 10−8

−7.073

<1.00 × 10−2

z 1972-2008

−6.879

1.04 × 10−07

−6.879

<1.00 × 10−2

w 1998-2008

−5.946

5.73 × 10−4

−5.946

<1.00 × 10−2

z 1998-2008

−8.747

5.14 × 10−5

−8.747

<1.00 × 10−2

l 1972-2008

−9.874

3.09 × 10−11

−9.874

<1.00 × 10−2

l 1998-2008

−4.383

3.22 × 10−3

−4.383

<1.00 × 10−2

b 1972-2006

−6.948

8.55 × 10−8

−6.948

<1.00 × 10−2

b 1998-2006

−3.860

1.19 × 10−2

−3.860

<1.00 × 10−2