Study I: Decision-making by family members of persons in life-crisis states

Study II: Decision-making by family members of older adults in life-crisis states

< Observing abnormalities and responding, while being worried about death of the patient > *

< < Feeling that there is an emergency because he/she seems different from the usual > > *

< < Feeling that there is a risk of death, due to a sudden life crisis > > *

< < While being aware of the abnormal physical condition, trying to ascertain the limits to the disease state > > *

< < Feeling conflicted about calling an ambulance, and impatience with waiting > > *

< Bewildered by the seriousness of the condition but pinning their hopes on the best treatment >

< Bewildered by the seriousness of the condition but pinning their hopes on the best treatment >

< < Given an explanation about the limits of treatment > >

< < Unable to accept the seriousness of the condition > >

< < Unable to accept the seriousness of the condition > >

< < Pinning their hopes on the best treatment > >

< < Pinning their hopes on the best treatment > > *

< Conflicted by unacceptable feelings while confronting the course of the condition >

< Conflicted by unacceptable feelings while confronting the course of the condition >

< < Intently monitoring the course of the condition > >

< < Intently monitoring the course of the condition > >

< < Wanting to respect the dignity of life > >

< < Unable to abandon the hope of recovery > >

< Thinking of support frameworks for family members >

< Thinking of support frameworks for family members >

< < Thinking about the effect of hospitalization on family life and supporting each other > >

< < Thinking about the effect of hospitalization on family life and supporting each other > >