|
| Forceps (n = 50) | Single blade (n = 50) | Manual (n = 50) | p-value | Significance | |
| Expectation of pain, mean (SD) | 6.2 ± 1.7 | 5.6 ± 1.8 | 5.5 ± 1.7 | 0.09 | NS | |
| Pain during fundal pressure, mean (SD) | 4.5 ± 2.1 | 5.8 ± 2.2 | 6.0 ± 1.5 | 0.001 | HS | |
| Uterine extension | Negative | 47 (94.0%) | 45 (90.0%) | 43 (86.0%) | 0.394 | NS |
| Positive | 3 (6.0%) | 5 (10.0%) | 7 (14.0%) | |||
| Uterine vessels injury | Negative | 48 (96.0%) | 46 (92.0%) | 44 (88.0%) | 0.466 | NS |
| Positive | 2 (4.0%) | 4 (8.0%) | 6 (12.0%) | |||
| Additional stitches needed | Negative | 42 (84.0%) | 35 (70.0%) | 35 (70.0%) | 0.178 | NS |
| Positive | 8(16.0%) | 15 (30.0%) | 15 (30.0%) | |||
| Birth Weight | 3.51 ± 0.33 | 3.54 ± 0.25 | 3.51 ± 0.26 | 0.802 | NS | |
| APGAR at 1 min ≤ 7, | 7 (14) | 6 (12) | 6 (12) | 0.942 | NS | |
| APGAR at 5 min ≤ 7, | 1 (2) | 1 (2) | 1 (2 ) | 1.00 | NS | |