Authors | Population | Intervention | Pregnancy state related major findings |
Nam et al. [19] | Healthy volunteers (n = 56) | HIP and iron salts available in Korea (5 different preparations*) | Intake of HIPk but not iron salt increased serum iron levels Significant increase in iron levels at 3 and 5 hours in patients with iron < 80 μg/dL |
Young et al. [23] | Pregnant women (3rd trimester) (n = 19) | labelled 58Fe-heme and non-heme 57Fe (ferrous sulphate) | 58Fe tracer to neonate ・ Significantly higher than 57Fe ・ inverse relation to maternal Hb and ferritin levels ・ Direct association with neonatal Hb and erythropoietin levels |
Young et al. [8] | Pregnant (n = 18) and non-pregnant (n = 11) | animal-based heme meal (58Fe pork) and ferrous sulphate (57Fe) fed on alternate days | Heme-iron utilization was significantly higher compared to ferrous sulphate in ・ pregnant (47.7% ± 14.4% vs. 40.4% ± 13.2%, p = 0.04) ・ non-pregnant women (50.1% ± 14.8% vs. 15.3% ± 9.7%, p < 0.0001) |
Suzuki et al. [24] | Pregnant and lactating (n = 24)/ with bleeding disorder (n = 12) | HIP 3 mg, BD or TID based on Hb levels | Gradual increase in Hb over 14-week period Mean Hb change in pregnant women ・ 2 tab/d: from 9.37 gm/dL at day 0 to 11.76 gm/dL at week 14 ・ 3 tab/d: from 8.68 gm/dL at day 0 to 11.72 gm/dL at week 14 Improvement and/or maintenance of Hb and hematocrit No unexpected adverse events No drop outs from study |
Eskeland et al. [25] | Pregnant (n = 90) | low dose (27 mg of elemental iron daily), ± heme component: 3 groups - heme-iron (HI), non-heme iron (Non-HI) and placebo | Empty iron stores in postpartum phase ・ HI: reduced to 8% from 14% in pregnant state ・ Non-HI: increased to 27% from 3% ・ Placebo: increased to 52% from 21% Compliance of below 50% ・ HI: 4% women ・ Non-HI: 12% women ・ Placebo: 5% women |
Abdelazim et al. [26] | Pregnant (n = 260) | Proferrin®-ES oral (11 mg of HIP) vs. Ferrosac IV (200 mg of iron saccharate complex) | Increase in Hb after 3-month treatment ・ Oral HIP: 8.5 ± 3.5 to 11.3 ± 1.3 gm/dL ・ IV iron: 8.7 ± 2.5 to 11.7 ± 0.9 gm/dL ・ No significant difference in two groups Increase in ferritin after 3-month treatment ・ Oral HIP: 19.4 ± 4.9 to 118.8 ± 7.1 ug/L ・ IV iron: 15.3 ± 5.6 to 122.3 ± 6.4 ug/L ・ No significant difference in two groups |