Variables ZINB Model

Coefficient

Exp (coeff.)

2000

2008

2000

2008

Women’s age

−0.00146

−0.00353*

0.999

0.996

Terminated pregnancy

No (ref)

Yes

0.09872*

0.05178*

1.10

1.05

Educational attainment

No education (ref)

Incomplete primary

0.02018

−0.018001

1.02

0.98

Complete primary

0.14607**

−0.01129

1.16

0.99

Incomplete secondary

0.15080*

0.00630

1.16

1.01

Complete secondary

0.11610*

0.02622

1.12

1.03

Higher

0.12699**

0.07037**

1.14

1.07

Partner’s education

No education (ref)

Incomplete primary

0.02678

−0.04130

1.03

0.96

Complete primary

−0.11883**

0.01660

0.89

1.02

Incomplete secondary

−0.03093

−0.04642***

0.97

0.95

Complete secondary

−0.02843

−0.01367

0.97

0.99

Higher

−0.03666

0.01921

0.96

1.02

Relationship between spouses

No (ref)

Yes

−0.03788***

−0.01125

0.96

0.99

Region

Urban governorates (ref)

Urban Lower Egypt

0.02883

0.02392

1.03

1.02

Rural Lower Egypt

−0.03968

−0.06416

0.96

0.94

Urban Upper Egypt

0.012288

−0.11272*

1.01

0.89

Rural Upper Egypt

−0.23841*

−0.18210*

0.79

0.83

Frontier governorates

−0.32638**

−0.13320*

0.72

0.88

Wealth index

Poorest (ref)

Poorer

−0.02793

0.07593*

0.97

1.08

Middle

0.17056*

0.12133*

1.19

1.13

Richer

0.19834*

0.16867*

1.22

1.18

Richest

0.34406*

0.21543*

1.41

1.24

Content of antenatal care

0.17758*

0.06578*

1.19

1.07

The signs of pregnancy complications

0.13748*

0.05542*

1.15

1.06

Availability of health services

0.01107

0.01590**

1.01

1.02

Freedom of movement

0.03785*

−0.00207

1.04

0.998

Inflation equation

Women’s age

0.01573*

0.01332**

1.02

1.01

Terminated pregnancy

No (ref)

Yes

−0.231804*

−0.64447*

0.79

0.52

Reading Newspaper

No (ref)

Yes

−0.18327***

−0.09509

0.83

0.909