DF Source | Inclusion level | Species | Age and Duration | Effect | Diet type | Ref. |
Wheat fiber | 0, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5% | quail | Day 1 & 28 days | (+) relative wt and villi: crypt ratio of duodenum, jejunum, ileum at 1.5%, (−) relative wt of liver | Corn Soybean meal based | [44] |
Inulin | 0.5%, 1% | broiler | Day 1 & 42 days | (+) villi height by both level | Corn Soybean meal based | [104] |
Pectin and sugar beet pulp | 1.5% and 3% | broiler | Day 1 & 6 to 27 day | (−) wt of liver | Corn isolated soy protein based | [43] |
Soyhull and cellulose | CF 2% to 8% | broiler | Day 1 & 20 days | (+) in villus height of small intestine by soyhull | Corn Soybean meal based | [105] |
Oat hull, sugar beet pulp | 3% | broiler | Day 1 & 21 days | Oat hull (+) relative wt of gizzard, (+) relative wt of proventriculus and ceca | Broken rice Soy protein concentrate based | [85] |
Sugar beet pulp and rice hull | 3% | broiler | Day 1 & 42 days | Rice hull (+) jejunal villi height & sugar beet pulp (+) relative wt of jejunum, ileum | Corn Soybean meal based | [106] |
Oat hull, soyhull | 3% | broiler | Day 1 & 21 days | (+) relative wt of gizzard, proventriculus; (−) relative wt of small intestine | Corn or Rice Soy protein concentrate based | [46] |
Wood shaving | 6% | broiler | Day 1 & 21 days | (+) relative wt of gizzard, proventriculus; (−) relative wt of small intestine | Wheat based diet | [47] |
Sugar beet Pulp and Oat hull | 7.5% | broiler | Day 1 & 18 days | (−) villi height at day 12 by Sugar beet pulp, (+) relative wt of gastrointestinal tract, (−) gizzard pH | Corn Soybean meal based | [107] |
Sunflower meal and soyhull | CF 3%, 6%, 9% | turkey | Day 1 & 98 days | Inconsistent (+) in villi height and parameters in small intestine (duodenum, jejunum and ileum) | Not available | [108] |
Oat and barley hull | 15% | broiler | Day 1 & 17 to 32 day of age | (+) relative wt of gizzard and small intestine | Corn wheat Soybean meal based | [31] |