Study group (n = 256)

Mean age: 15.05 (1.26)

Dutch Youth Monitor West Brabant (n = 1821)

Mean age: 13.97 (1.34)

Total (n = 256)

Male (n = 119)

Female (n = 137)

Total (n = 1821)

Male (n = 826)

Female (n = 995)

SDQ scores scales

Mean (SD)

Mean (SD)

Mean (SD)

Mean (SD)

Mean (SD)

Mean (SD)

Total difficulties

10.5** (5.8)

10.0** (5.5)

11.0**(5.9)

9.1 (4.9)

8.5 (4.8)

9.6 (4.9)

Emotional symptoms

3.4** (2.5)

2.9** (2.2)

3.73** (2.6)

2.2 (2.1)

1.5 (1.6)

2.7 (2.2)

Conduct problems

1.6 (1.4)

1.6 (1.4)

1.6 (1.5)

1.5 (1.3)

1.6 (1.4)

1.4 (1.2)

Hyperactivity-inattention

4.1 (2.7)

4.1 (2.7)

4.1 (2.7)

4.1 (2.5)

4.2 (2.5)

4.1 (2.5)

Peer problems

1.4 (1,5)

1.3 (1.5)

1.6* (1.5)

1.3 (1.5)

1.3 (1.5)

1.3 (1.5)

Prosocial behaviour

8.6** (1.4)

8.3** (1.4)

8.8** (1.4)

8.0 (1.7)

7.6 (1.8)

8.3 (1.5)

SDQ-scale total difficulties***

N (%)

N (%)

N (%)

N (%)

N (%)

N (%)

Normal rating

204** (79.7%)

102** (85.7%)

102** (74.5%)

1623 (89.2%)

754 (91.3%)

870 (87.4%)

Border range

27** (10.5%)

10** (8.4%)

17** (12.4%)

145 (8.0%)

51 (6.2%)

94 (9.4%)

Elevated score

25** (9.8%)

7** (5.9%)

18** (13.1%)

53 (2.9%)

21 (2.5%)

31 (3.1%)