Variable

Unit

Form

Source

GDP

Factors Prices (Rs Billion)

Logarithmic

Pakistan ECO survey (Various Issues)

Education (Secondary School Enrollment)

Percentage Gross

Simple

Pakistan ECO survey (Various Issues)

Life Expectancy at Birth

Years

Simple

World Development Indicators (2019)

Expenditure Decentralization

Ratio

Simple

Calculated from Provincial and Federal Expenditure data taken from Pakistan ECO survey (Various Issues)

Revenue Decentralization

Ratio

Simple

Calculated from Provincial and Federal Revenue data taken from Pakistan ECO survey (Various Issues)

Composite Decentralization

Ratio

Simple

Calculated from Provincial and Federal Expenditure and Revenue data taken from Pakistan ECO survey (Various Issues)

Total Labor Force

Number (Million)

Logarithmic

Pakistan ECO survey (Various Issues)

Gross Fixed

Capital Formation

Constant US$ (Billion)

Logarithmic

World Development Indicators (2019)

Trade to GDP Ratio

Ratio

Logarithmic

World Development Indicators (2019)

Employment Rate

Ratio

Simple

Calculated from Employed Labor Force and Total Labor Force Data taken from Pakistan Economic Survey (Various Issues)

Education Expenditures

Percentage of GDP

Simple

World Development Indicators (2019)

Health Expenditures

Rs. Million

Logarithmic

Pakistan Economic survey (Various Issues)

Number of Physicians

Number

Logarithmic

Calculated by adding number of Doctors, Nurses, Midwives, and Lady Health Visitors Data taken from Pakistan Economic survey (Various Issues)

Institutional democracy

Index

Simple

Polity IV dataset