Pain management

1. Use pain numerical scoring method, assess pain intensity dynamically on the day of awakening from anesthesia, and provide analgesic measures promptly based on the assessment results; 2. Preemptive analgesia (analgesia given 3 - 30 minutes before a painful operation); 3. Multimodal analgesia, combined analgesia, observe the analgesic effect (evaluate the analgesic effect 3 - 30 minutes after medication); 4. Observe for adverse reactions to analgesic drugs.

Pipeline management

1. If perioperative urine output monitoring is not needed, do not leave a urinary catheter; if a urinary catheter is present, remove it within 24 hours after surgery; 2. If the chest drainage is <200 ml/day after surgery, the chest X-ray indicates no pneumothorax, the chest tube should be removed immediately; 3. If there is no need for intravenous fluid replacement, promptly remove the central venous catheter; 4. Observe for any discomfort after tube removal.

Thromboprophylaxis

1. Risk assessment; 2. Drug prevention, pay attention to whether patients have a tendency to bleed when using anticoagulants; 3. Non-drug prevention, lower limb massage (3 times/day), ankle pump exercise (started 6 hours after surgery, dorsiflexion for 10 s, relax for 5 s, then plantar flexion for 10 s, relax for 5 s, 4 min/time, 10 times/day), high-risk patients use elastic stockings, intermittent pneumatic compression devices as needed.

Preparing for discharge

1. Normal vital signs; 2. Normal diet, free activity, no complications; 3. Patient willing and wishing to go home; 4. Discharge education and data registration.

Outside the hospital

Extended care

Follow-up visits are scheduled for 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months after discharge; follow-up content includes symptoms, diet and rest, medication, pulmonary rehabilitation, psychological status, and reexamination.