Presence of

experience

Number of children

χ² value

Significant

difference

Primiparous

Multiparous

Number (%)

Father

Face-to-face parenting classes

No

93

(85.3)

73

(97.3)

7.264

**

Yes

16

(14.7)

2

(2.7)

Online parenting classes

No

102

(93.6)

75

(100.0)

5.007

*

Yes

7

(6.4)

0

(0.0)

Post-partum face-to-face visits

No

79

(73.1)

38

(52.1)

8.479

**

Yes

29

(26.9)

35

(47.9)

Mother

Face-to-face maternity classes

No

105

(76.1)

100

(91.7)

10.577

**

Yes

33

(23.9)

9

(8.3)

Face-to-face parenting classes

No

113

(81.9)

104

(96.3)

12.102

**

Yes

25

(18.1)

4

(3.7)

Online parenting classes

No

128

(92.8)

107

(98.2)

3.858

*

Yes

10

(7.2)

2

(1.8)

Postpartum face-to-face meeting

No

109

(79.0)

70

(64.2)

6.655

**

Yes

29

(21.0)

39

(35.8)

Return to parents’ home after childbirth

No

59

(42.8)

70

(64.8)

11.823

**

Yes

79

(57.2)

38

(35.2)

Home visits

No

108

(78.3)

97

(89.0)

4.564

*

Yes

30

(21.3)

12

(11.0)

Postpartum support from non-relatives

No

74

(96.1)

91

(97.8)

4.968

*

Yes

3

(3.9)

2

(2.2)

Use of childcare support centers

No

97

(70.3)

89

(82.4)

4.824

*

Yes

41

(29.7)

19

(17.6)