Author (year)

N

Gender(M/F)

Mean age

Follow-up time (yrs)

Exercise modality

Results

Lee (2001)

39,372

F

47 - 60

3

Walking

1 hour walking per week light-to-moderate lowered CHD rates. Inverse relation also showed in those at risk for CVD

(overweight, increased cholesterol levels, smokers)

Manson (2002)

73,743

F

Postmenopausal

50 - 79

8

Walking

Walking and vigorous exercise substantially reduced incidence of CV disease. Prolong sitting increased risk

Inverse relation observed independent of race, body type and age

Hu (2004)

116,564

F

Lean

BMI (<25 kg・m²)

active and inactive

obese

BMI (>30 kg・m²)

active and inactive

30 - 55

24

Physical activity recall

time spent per week

brisk walking, jogging, cycling etc.

Excess weight (BMI > 25 kg・m² or higher and

Physical inactivity (less than 3.5 hours per week)

accounted for 31% of all premature deaths (59 from CVD)

Mora (2007)

27,005

F

With and without CV risk factors

54 ± 7

10.9 ± 1.6

Physical activity kcal/week

Moderate exercise (600kcal/wk equivalent to 2 hr/wk brisk walking) lower risk of CVD events

Modest changes in risk factors, Inflammation, blood pressure)

200 - 599 kcal/wk, 600 - 1499 kcal/wk and >1500 kcal/wk associated with a 25%, 32% and 41% CV risk reduction, respectively

Schmitz (2007)

164

F

Overweight and obese

BMI 25 - 35 kg・m²

premenopausal

25 - 44

2

Strength training

2×/wk

Strength training effective for preventing increase in percentage of body fat and intra-abdominal fat mass in

Overweight and obese premenopausal women

Sattelmair (2011)

Meta-Analysis

33 Studies

M and F

Adults > 18 years old

1995-2009

Leisure time physical activity

(min/wk)

Those who engaged in 150 min/wk or more had a 14% lower CHD risk compared with sedentary

300 min/wk of moderate intensity leisure activity modestly lower risk

There was a significant interaction by sex (p = 0.03); suggesting a stronger relationship among women