Categories

Symbols

Description

Equilibrium

EQU

Loss of equilibrium of the structure or the ground.

Strength

STR

Excessive deformation or internal failure of the structure or structural elements, including piles, footings, walls, basement, etc.

Geotechnical

GEO

Failure or excessive deformation of the ground.

Uplift

UPL

Loss of equilibrium of the structure or the ground due to uplift by water pressure or other vertical actions.

Hydraulic heave

HYD

Failure by internal erosion and piping in the ground caused by hydraulic gradients.