CP

specific heat, J (kg∙K)−1

V

scanning speed, m/s

Epulse

laser pulse energy, J

v

volume, m3

I

Intensity, J/µm2

Z

non-dimensional height

k

thermal conductivity, W(mK)−1

u(τ)

unit step function

Neff

effective number of pulses

z

height, m

P

power, W

Greek Symbols

Q

non-dimensional power

α

thermal diffusion

R

non-dimensional radius

η

fraction of the surface absorption

r

radius, m

θ

non-dimensional temperature

r0

radius of the beam spot, m

ρ

density, kg/m3

T

temperature, K

τ

non-dimensional time

Tref

reference temperature, K

τP

non-dimensional pulse width

t

time, s

φo

maximum laser flounce, J/µm2

tP

pulse width (duration), s

φth

ablation threshold, J/µm2