Independent variable

Relocate

All samples

Manufacturing industry samples

Yangtze River Delta and surrounding area

Probit

Coefficient

Standard error

Coefficient

Standard error

Coefficient

Standard error

Joint venture

−0.435^*

(0.238)

−0.101

(0.292)

−1.111^***

(0.400)

Yangtze River delta and surrounding area

0.048

(0.179)

0.063

(0.214)

Located at Taiwan business cluster area

0.086

(0.169)

0.133

(0.202)

0.181

(0.230)

Annual turnover

−0.013

(0.071)

−0.102

(0.086)

−0.144

(0.094)

Employment difficulties

0.896^***

(0.271)

0.955^***

(0.335)

−0.799^**

(0.394)

Land difficulties

−0.167

(0.199)

−0.189

(0.233)

−0.197

(0.278)

Regulatory difficulties

−0.706^*

(0.363)

−0.699

(0.453)

−0.639

(0.592)

Tax difficulties

−0.211

(0.216)

−0.3

(0.260)

−0.201

(0.304)

Production and marketing difficulties

0.088

(0.212)

−0.052

(0.259)

0.012

(0.288)

Foreign trade difficulties

−0.257

(0.213)

−0.413^*

(0.254)

−0.112

(0.290)

Gov’t action: Financing

−0.689^*

(0.403)

−0.38

(0.443)

−0.178

(0.569)

Gov’t action: Taxation

0.411

(0.418)

−0.044

(0.534)

0.255

(0.509)

Gov’t action: Administrative ability

−0.983^*

(0.582)

−0.058

(0.676)

−0.211

(0.741)

Gov’t action: Improvement in operating costs

−1.418^**

(0.713)

0.600

(0.814)

0.803

(1.048)

Gov’t action: Concession and incentive policies

−0.413

(0.465)

−0.478

(0.501)

−0.799

(0.728)

Social security

0.720^**

(0.291)

0.695^*

(0.364)

0.56

(0.472)

Level of government control over labor rules

−0.09

(0.117)

0.073

(0.131)

0.005

(0.153)

Labor-intensive industries

0.266

(0.189)

0.29

(0.217)

0.144

(0.269)

Constant term

0.777^**

(0.344)

1.180^***

(0.449)

1.037^**

(0.484)

Log-likelihood

−150.951

−108.333

−83.998

Number of samples

314

248

165