Models

Chi Square

Df

CFI

RMSEA

Model comparison

ΔCFI

ΔRMSEA

DASS-21 (N=2272) Measurement Invariance Across Gender

M1. Configural Invariance

1396.27

366

0.945

0.050

M2. Weak Invariance

1433.56

384

0.944

0.049

M2-M1

−0.001

−0.001

M3. Strong Invariance

1524.97

405

0.941

0.049

M3-M2

−0.003

0.000

M4. Strict Invariance

1658.08

430

0.935

0.050

M4-M3

−0.006

0.001

The 3-factor original model (by Lovibond & Lovibond, 1995 ) was the baseline model. MLR estimator was used in all models.