Inclusion criteria

Exclusion criteria

1) All type of studies that clearly specified chronic diseases relative to patient empowerment

1) Locked or unavailable articles

2) Studies conducted in human

2) Manual papers, book chapters, opinion articles or commentary notes

3) Mixed methods (Web-based methods/e-Health records)

3) Before 2005/No related to health education

4) Full text articles studied in English

4) No references to empowerment and related outcomes

5) All types of empowerment (self-esteem, self-efficacy, decision making, quality of life)

5) Articles not presented in English