Inclusion criteria | Exclusion criteria |
1) All type of studies that clearly specified chronic diseases relative to patient empowerment | 1) Locked or unavailable articles |
2) Studies conducted in human | 2) Manual papers, book chapters, opinion articles or commentary notes |
3) Mixed methods (Web-based methods/e-Health records) | 3) Before 2005/No related to health education |
4) Full text articles studied in English | 4) No references to empowerment and related outcomes |
5) All types of empowerment (self-esteem, self-efficacy, decision making, quality of life) | 5) Articles not presented in English |