Variables

Normal readers

Dyslexics

M (SD)

M (SD)

Difference mean

t (2.00)

Cohen’s d

Age (months)

138.61 (6.65)

140.74 (8.43)

−2.128

−1.136 ns

−0.19

Raven

22.94 (3.84)

23.78 (3.83)

−0.85

−0.992 ns

−0.17

Reading word accuracy

Total words

56.05 (21.77)

21.52 (5.40)

34.42

14.59***

2.55

Frequent simple

15.01 (3.61)

8.13 (4.60)

7.17

8.28***

1.45

Frequent complex

13.71 (3.83)

5.30 (2.14)

8.38

10.33***

1.81

Infrequent simple

15.46 (22.04)

4.17 (2.18)

11.08

2.45 **

0.42

Infrequent complex

11.86 (8.93)

3.91 (2.23)

7.77

4.22***

0.74

Pseudo words

9.91 (5.18)

2.13 (1.91)

7.61

7.05***

1.23

Reading word speed

Frequent simple

34.98 (25.49)

33.35 (17.36)

11.39

2.08*

0.36

Frequent complex

49.22 (35.21)

37.57 (17.91)

12.222

1.65 ns

0.28

Infrequent simple

50.81 (28.67)

38.78 (14.09)

12.69

2.10*

0.36

Infrequent complex

55.49 (31.72)

46.39 (24.16)

9.74

1.41 ns

0.24

Total read words

188.51 (109.21)

156.09 (62.29)

46.05

1.99*

0.34

Pseudo words

61.37 (39.86)

47.74 (31.69)

14.66

1.68 ns

0.29

Cognitive skills

Cancellation AC

19.69 (7.08)

11.65 (3.03)

7.98

8.73***

1.53

RAN objects

28.85 (8.07)

26.09 (5.55)

2.93

2.15*

0.37

RAN digit

27.76 (6.40)

30.09 (8.24)

−1.86

−1.02 ns

−0.17

RAN shapes

29.11 (6.75)

33.96 (10.18)

− 4.63

−2.16*

−0.37