pH

Electrical conductivity (mmhos/cm³)

Extractable acidity (meq/100g)

Adjacent control sites (ACS)

7.81 ± 0.06

21.41 ± 1.10

0.88 ± 0.02

Charcoal kiln sites (CKS)

8.52 ± 0.05

25.22 ± 0.88

0.67 ± 0.02

Relative change (%)

9.12

17.80

−24.05

p-value

<0.001

<0.01

<0.001