Scale

M (SD)

1) Self-efficacy

1 - 5

3.85 (.50)a

2) Intrinsic value

1 - 5

3.0 (.72)a

3) Utilityvalue

1 - 5

3.94 (.47)a

4) Perceived Effort

1 - 5

3.15 (.68)a

5) PerceivedSelf-Regulation

1 - 5

3.0 (.52)a

6) Language Arts

Time spent

Time-on-task

-

-

40.4 (12.8)b

32.1 (11.7)b

7) Social Studies

Time spent

Time-on-task

-

-

29.6 (15.5)b

22.3 (10.4)b

8) Writing proficiency grade 7

-

234.7 (96.1)

9) Writing proficiency grade 8

-

270.0 (95.6)

10) Writing proficiency grade 9

-

294.3 (68.9)