Characteristic | Females | Males | Total | P-value |
N (%) | 74 (62.2) | 45 (37.8) | 119 (100) | <0.01 |
Age, years mean ± sd | 58.4 ± 11.2 | 68.2 ± 10.1 | 62.2 (11.7) | <0.01 |
Height, cm mean ± sd | 158.1 ± 6.3 | 162.3 ± 8 | 159.7 (7.3) | <0.01 |
Weight, kg mean ± sd | 71.4 ± 15.2 | 68.9 ± 11.4 | 70.4 (13.9) | 0.34 |
Body mass index, kg/m2 mean ± sd | 28.6 ± 5.8 | 26.1 ± 3.8 | 27.6 (5.2) | 0.01 |
Place of residence n, (%) |
|
|
|
|
Urban | 55 (74.3) | 31 (68.9 | 86 (72.3) |
|
Rural | 14 (31.1) | 19 (25.7) | 33 (27.7) | 0.52 |
Level of education n, (%) |
|
|
|
|
Primary | 28 (37.4) | 22 (50) | 50 (42.4) |
|
Secondary | 4 (5.4) | 9 (20.5) | 13 (11) |
|
Tertiary | 42 (56.8) | 13 (29.5) | 55 (46.6) | <0.01 |
Occupation n, (%) |
|
|
|
|
Retired | 11 (15.3) | 24 (54.5) | 35 (30.2) |
|
Office workers | 21 (29.4) | 5 (11.4) | 26 (22.4) |
|
Business | 19 (26.4) | 4 (9.1) | 23 (19.8) |
|
Farmers | 11 (15.3) | 3 (6.8) | 14 (12.1) |
|
Artisans | 1 (1.4) | 8 (18.2) | 9 (7.8) |
|
Unemployed | 11 (14.9) | 1 (2.2) | 12 (10.1) |
|
Peripheral hemodynamics, mean ± sd |
|
|
|
|
Systolic pressure, mm Hg | 138.3 ± 25.3 | 138.6 ± 23.8 | 138.4 (24.3) | 0.95 |
Diastolic pressure, mm Hg | 81.6 ± 11.8 | 80.5 ± 14.7 | 81.2 (12.9) | 0.65 |
Measurements on blood, mean ± sd |
|
|
|
|
Glucose, mg/dl | 128 ± 22.7 | 127.7 ± 22.4 | 127.9 (22.4) | 0.95 |
Medical history n, (%) Hypertension |
62 (83.8) |
39 (86.7) |
101 (84.9) |
0.67 |
Chronic headache | 32 (43.2) | 20 (44.4) | 52 (43.7) | 0.9 |
Arthritis | 43 (58.1) | 25 (55.6) | 68 (57.1) | 0.79 |
Stroke | 8 (10.8) | 5 (11.1) | 13 (10.9) | 0.96 |
Parkinson’s disease | 3 (4.1) | 7 (15.6) | 9 (7.6) | 0.03 |
Heart failure | 6 (8.1 | 5 (11.1) | 11 (9.2) | 0.58 |
Others | 11 (24.4) | 9 (12.2) | 20 (16.8) | <0.01 |
Past History of Diabetic Coma n, (%) | 4 (5.4) | 4 (8.9) | 8 (6.7) | 0.46 |
Lifestyle n, (%) |
|
|
|
|
Current use of tobacco, n (%) | 5 (6.8) | 12 (26.7) | 17 (14.3) | <0.01 |
Used herbal medicine | 57 (77) | 33 (73.3) | 90 (75.6) | 0.65 |
Use of alcohol, | 20 (27) | 13 (28.9) | 33 (27.7) | 0.84 |
Morinsky Adherence Score n, (%) |
|
|
|
|
High (0 - 2) | 46 (62.2) | 29 (64.4) | 75 (63) |
|
Medium (3 - 5) | 21 (28.4) | 14 (31.1) | 35 (29.4) |
|
Low (6 - 8) | 7 (9.5) | 2 (4.4) | 9 (7.6) | 0.6 |