| Similar vehicle pairs maintain less lateral clearance than dissimilar vehicle pairs. If a vehicle interacts with two vehicles (one on each side) simultaneously, lateral clearance is reduced and safety of the vehicles is compromised [59] | India, 2017 |
| A novel conceptual model to assess the movement and interaction between a bus and a motorcycle, when they are changing their lanes, was introduced [36] | Vietnam, 2020 |
| A novel conceptual model for bus service managers to assess the movement and interaction between buses and motorcyclists was introduced [36] | Vietnam, 2020 |
| Bus accident severity is positively related to the involvement of vulnerable road users, other drivers crossing in yellow or red light, crossing intersections in yellow or red light, night hours, open areas, and a slippery road surface, occurrence of injuries is positively related to the involvement of heavy vehicles [49] | Denmark, 2014 |
| Safety in an adjacent lane can be negatively affected by buses entering & leaving bus bay [60] | China, 2021 |
| Road design affects speed management, enhances road safety [61] | Netherlands, 06 |
| “Skidding and overturning” is associated with injury severity of seated passengers [62] | China, 2016 |
| Passenger scouting, fare collection, and money counting result in loss of concentration of drivers [63] | Nigeria, 2016 |
| Bus driver conversation with a passenger appeared to reduce risk of a crash or near crash [64] | Euro, 2015 |
| The inattention of bus drivers to other vehicles causes aberrant DB, affecting safety [65] | Taiwan (China), 2019 |
| Village culture and drink-DBs lead to bad perception of the bus driver of other vehicles, affecting traffic behaviors [66] | Vietnam, 2017 |
| The factors that increase the risk of bus crashes with non-motor vehicles are: old bus driver, collision with pedestrians at signalized intersection, and presence of vulnerable road users [58] | Australia, 2020 |
| Commercial electronic variable message signs used for outdoor advertising influence driver safety, including possible attention and distraction effects [67] | USA, 2009 |
| The absence of a road median, night-time conditions, bad road terrain (curved, wet, and rough roads), and a big bus are associated with a more severe accident outcome. For minibuses, the absence of a road shoulder, accidents in intersections, and the presence of traffic control are associated with less severe bus/minibus accidents [47] | Ghana, 2018 |
| Road geometry is an indirect factor influencing the bus driver’s behavior, which in turn influences passengers’ perception of their safety on buses [51] | Malaysia, 2018 |
| ‘Riding security’ was the least influential attribute on overall bus service quality [68] | Bangladesh, 07 |
| Passengers feel unsafe because of drunk people travelling by bus at night, and experience unwanted arousal due to excessively crowded buses [69] | UK, 2007 |
| The availability of polices or emergency assistance points increases security against crime [70] | Vietnam, 2021 |
| Staff behavior/attitude is one of the most important criteria for encouraging urban commuters to shift from private vehicles to public transport [71] | India, 2014 |
| Passengers feel that driverless buses lack in-vehicle security more than conventional buses [52] | Finland, 2018 |
| Accessibility |
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| Low and equal-size steps and well-designed handrails in the bus entrance make boarding and alighting easier [72] | Sweden, 1993 |
| The existence of two steps at the front door makes the boarding process slower [73] | Australia, 2013 |
| Passengers boarding form two queues through a single door and the presence of passengers standing inside the bus increase the boarding time [73] | Australia, 2013 |