Drugs | Dose | Duration | Side effect | Reference |
1) Gabapentinoids |
|
|
| [31] |
- Gabapentin | −1800 - 3600 mg/day | Three times a day, variable titration twice daily, | Diarrhea, dry mouth; warning for increased risk of suicidal thoughts dizziness, somnolence, peripheral edema | |
- Gabapentin enacarbil | 1200 mg/day | 4-day to 1-week titration | ||
- Gastroretentive gabapentin | −1800 mg once daily | 2-week titration | ||
- Pregabalin | −150 - 600 mg/day | Two or three times a day; 1-week titration | ||
2) Opioids |
|
|
| [31] |
- Tramadol | 100 to 400 mg per day | Multiple daily dosing, variable titration | Dependence, nausea, vomiting, anorexia, seizure threshold decreased, sedation, dizziness, confusion, dependence | |
- Morphine - Oxycodone - Methadone | Variable dose and titration | |||
3) Tricyclic antidepressant |
|
|
| [32] |
- Amitriptyline - Desipramine - Nortriptyline | Up to 150 mg per day | Multiple daily dosing; variable titration | Sedation, dry mouth, blurred vision, constipation, urinary retention | |
4) Tropical agent and creams |
|
|
| [33] |
- Capsaicin 0.075% cream | Applied 3 or four times per day | Every 3 months or longer | Burning skin, Pruritis | |
- Capsaicin 8% patch | Up to four patches for 1 hour | |||
- Lidocaine 5% patch (Lidoderm) | Maximum three patches per day | Mild skin rxn | ||
5) Ozone therapy | 1000 microgram | 3 times per week for 4 - 6 weeks | Not much | [34] |