Pyrolysis methods

The main reaction conditions

The liquid products

(TAR)

Gas products

(CH4, CO, H2)

Firm product

(biochar)

Slow method

Not rising temperature (400˚C - 660˚C), not rising heating rate (0.1 - 1˚C/S), Gas or vapor residence time(5 - 30 min)

30% and 70% Wood vinegar

35%

35%

Medium speed

pyrolysis

Not rising temperature(400˚C - 550˚C), Modest heating rate (10 - 200˚C/S), Gas or vapor residence time(10 - 20 S)

50% and 50% Wood vinegar

25%

25%

Fast pyrolysis

Middle temperature (about 500˚C), Fast heating rate (1000˚C/S) Vapor residence time (<2 S)

75% and 25% Wood vinegar

13%

12%

Flash

pyrolysis

High temperature (>800˚C), Fast heating rate 1000˚C/S, gas vapor residence time (<1S)

5% and 55% Wood vinegar

About 80%

About 10%