Components

Bread formula (Mean ± SD, n= 3)

WF

WSF

T1

T2

T3

T4

T5

T6

T7

Moisture (%)

34.26^c ± 0.53

35.08^b ± 0.19

35.62^b ± 0.79

36.04^a ± 0.49

36.1^a ± 0.22

36.52^a ± 0.22

35.78^b ± 0.36

36.34^a ± 0.45

37.02^a ± 0.59

Protein (%)

11.36^b ± 0.54

13.21^a ± 0.27

13.36^a ± 0.27

13.17^a ± 0.55

13.21^a ± 0.88

13.34^a ± 1.13

13.15^a ± 1.3

13.19^a ± 0.64

13.26^a ± 1.41

Fat (%)

1.34^b ± 0.1

1.59^a ± 0.09

1.48^b ± 0.18

1.55^a ± 0.34

1.54^a ± 0.28

1.53^a ± 0.06

1.57^a ± 0.06

1.59^a ± 0.11

1.69^a ± 0.15

Ash (%)

1.19^b ± 0.09

1.70^a ± 0.26

1.73^a ± 0.23

1.75^a ± 0.09

1.78^a ± 0.05

1.89^a ± 0.02

1.68^a ± 0.12

1.77^a ± 0.06

1.81^a ± 0.19

Total carbohydrates (%)

52.10^a ± 0.33

48.42^b ± 0.25

47.81^b ± 0.22

47.49^b ± 0.51

47.37^b ± 0.68

46.72^b ± 0.73

47.82^b ± 1.11

47.11^b ± 0.54

46.22^b ± 0.98

Energy value (Kcal 100 g⁻¹)

274.87^a ± 6.45

266.51^b ± 4.89

265.94^b ± 5.47

264.44^b ± 3.67

264.03^b ± 4.23

261.83^b ± 5.34

265.88^b ± 3.66

263.34^b ± 4.82

260.91^b ± 5.35