OLS

IV

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

Total Crime

Violent Crime

Property Crime

Total Crime

Violent Crime

Property Crime

Law-pop Ratio

1.29***

0.34***

0.95**

4.11

−1.06

5.17

(0.37)

(0.06)

(0.34)

(10.81)

(2.31)

(10.54)

Control vars.*

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

N

816

816

816

816

816

816

R2

0.693

0.328

0.698

0.668

0.308

0.634