| IV approach without mechanism | Mechanism | Full analysis | |||
|
| (EQ 4) | (EQ 5) | (EQ 6) | ||
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | |
| Violent Crime | Property Crime | Unemployment | Violent Crime | Property Crime | |
| Law-pop Ratio | 2455.9 | 13719.7 | −0.161 | 2447.6 | 13684.6 |
|
| (2955.5) | (18767.4) | (7.65) | (2931.0) | (18707.2) |
| Unemployment | No | No | − | −51.70** | −219.0* |
|
|
|
|
| (17.19) | (109.72) |
| Control vars.* | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| N | 618 | 618 | 618 | 618 | 618 |
| R2 | 0.0002 | 0.002 | 0.089 | 0.018 | 0.01 |