34 | Buchanan, D. R. Autonomy, Paternalism, and Justice: ethical priorities in public health. Am J Public Health. 2008 January; 98(1): 15-21. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2007.110361PMCID: PMC2156058 | 1 | 1/2 | 1 | 1/2 | 3 | Ethical principles such as autonomy, paternalism and justice are not operationalized in SSA exactly as in western societies. Most incidences of corruption originate from unethical behavior. |
35 | Castellano Marlene B. Ethics of Aboriginal Research. Journal of Aboriginal Health, 2004; 1(1): 98-114. | 1 | 1/2 | 1 | 1/2 | 3 | SSA nations have not developed ethical codes specific to their cultural and traditional settings with members of society and engagement with outside partners. |
36 | Wilson, D. and Dragusanu, R. (2008). the expanding middle class: the exploding world middle class and falling global inequality. Goldman Sachs Economic Research Global Economics Papers Issue 170. Goldman Sachs: New York. | 1 | 1/2 | 1/2 | 1 | 3 | A growing middle class results in a decrease in inequality in SSA. |
37 | Mahajan, V. (2009), Africa rising: how 900 million African consumers offer more than you think. Pearson Education, Inc. | 1 | 1 | 1/2 | 1/2 | 3 | Growth in size of the middle class in SSA has economic benefits. |
38 | Ramachandran, V. A. Gelb, and M. K. Shah (2009). Africa’s private sector: what’s wrong with the business environment and what to do about it. | 1 | 1 | 1/2 | 1/2 | 3 | Private sector development and growth causes an upward mobility of the middle class in SSA. |
39 | Ravallion, M., S. Chen and P. Sangraula (2008). Dollar a day revisited. Policy Research Working Paper 4620, World Bank, Washington, DC. | 1 | 1 | 1/2 | 1/2 | 3 | Growth in size of the middle class in SSA indicates a reduction in poverty and inequality. |
40 | Villasenor, J., & Arnold, B. C. (1989). Elliptical lorenz curves. Journal of Econometrics, 40(2), 327-338. 1989. | 1 | 1 | 1/2 | 1/2 | 3 | Categories of middle class status indicate progressive economic growth and reduction in the income inequality gap in SSA. |
41 | Kakwani, N. (1980). On a class of poverty measures. Econometrica: Journal of the Econometric Society, 437-446. Kakwani 1980. | 1 | 1 | 1/2 | 1/2 | 3 | Ditto |
42 | Ravallion, M., &Huppi, M. (1991). Measuring changes in poverty: a methodological case study of Indonesia during an adjustment period. The World Bank Economic Review, 5(1), 57-82.Ravallion and Huppi 1990. | 1 | 1 | 1/2 | 1/2 | 3 | Categories of middle class status indicate progressive economic growth and reduction in the income inequality gap in SSA. |
43 | Datt, G., & Ravallion, M. (1998). Why have some Indian states done better than others at reducing rural poverty? Economica, 65(257), 17-38. Datt 1998. | 1 | 1 | 1/2 | ½ | 3 | Economic growth and human development necessary for poverty reduction (growth of middle class) in SSA. |
44 | Lynch, M. (2009). Capgemini (2006): World Wealth Report 2006. New York. World Wealth Report 2009, Merrill Lynch. | 1 | 1/2 | 1/2 | 1/2 | 2 1/2 | Growth of middle class in SSA nations occurs at different rates. |