Deleanu et al. (2014) | Prospective observational design | 84 participants | Patients with recent open and closed tibial shaft fractures treated with reamed or unreamed intramedullary locked nail fixation at a tertiary hospital in Romania. | Closed and Gustilo grade I and II | Both solid and hollow | - The mean duration of surgery was shorter for the SIGN nail group with 43 min (SD 18) compared to 55 (SD 27) in the hollow nail group. - In both groups, one case of non-union was observed, and they were treated using exchange nailing and autologous bone grafting. There were no reports of delayed union. - No cases of SSI were reported. |
Sathis (2017) | Prospective randomized control study | 72 participants | Adult patients with tibia shaft fractures treated with intramedullary nailing at the trauma unit of a tertiary teaching hospital attached to Kannur Medical College, India. | Closed and Gustilo grade I, II and IIIa | Both solid and hollow | - One case of delayed union in the hollow nail group and no cases in the solid nail group. - Four (4) cases of SSI in the solid nail group and three (3) cases in the hollow nail group. |
Haonga et al. (2019) | Prospective randomized control study | 50 participants | Patients presenting with open diaphyseal tibial fracture at Muhimbili Orthopaedic Institute (MOI) in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. | AO/OTA Type 42 open fractures | Solid | - All patients in the intramedullary nail group demonstrated indications of bone union, with 8% of patients experiencing delayed union (p = 0.05). |
Mathur et al. (2020) | Not stated | 20 participants | Patients having compound tibial shaft fracture at the Department of Orthopaedics at Shri Ram Murti Smarak Institute of Medical Sciences, Bareilly, India. | Gustilo grade I, II and IIIa | Hollow | - One (1) case of delayed union. - Four (4) cases of infection. |