Author (Year)

Study design

Sample size

Setting and Population

Classification of fractures

Type of nail used

Summary of results

Maharjan et al. (2021)

Randomized trial

60 participants

Adults with fracture of leg presenting within one year to a university based tertiary hospital in Nepal.

Closed and Gustilo grade I

Both solid and hollow

-One case of deep infection was recorded.

-Longer duration of surgery in hollow nail group

-SIGN nailing had a higher RUST score compared to hollow nailing.

Khan et al. (2013)

Case series

50 participants

Patients who reported in 2 weeks at the Department of Orthopaedic and Spine Surgery, Ghurki Trust Teaching Hospital,

Lahore Medical and Dental College, Lahore.

Closed and Gustilo grade I and II

Solid

-58% of the patients achieved full weight-bearing independently within 3 months.

- Mean duration of union was 163 ± 30.6 days (23.3 weeks)

- Two (2) cases of interlocking screws breakage.

Shah et al. (2003)

Not stated

32 participants

Open fractures of the tibia treated at

a hospital in Nepal between March 2000 and April 2002.

Gustilo grade I, II, IIIa and IIIb

Solid

- Two (2) cases of superficial infections in grade II and one (1) deep infection in grade IIIb

- A total of 31 fractures. (86.1%) successfully achieved union within 6 months.

- Three (3) cases of malunion.

Nambiar et al. (2018)

Prospective study

35 participants

Patients with tibial diaphyseal fractures treated with intramedullary interlocking nail at Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital, India.

Closed and Gustilo grade I and II

Hollow

-Average duration of surgery was 82 minutes, ranging from 70 - 92 minutes.

- Two (2) cases of superficial infection.

- The highest proportion, that is 31.43% (n = 11), displayed indications of radiological union within a timeframe ranging from 18 weeks to 19 weeks (with an average of 18.2 weeks).

Acharya et al. (2019)

Retrospective observational study

104 participants

Patients with tibial diaphyseal fractures treated with SIGN nail at Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Patan Hospital (PH), Patan Academy of Health Sciences (PAHS), Lalitpur, Nepal.

Closed and Gustilo grade I, II and IIIa

Solid

- Six (6) cases (5.8%) of delayed union and zero non-union.

- Three patients (2.9%) who had Gustilo Anderson type IIIA open fractures experienced a superficial wound infection, which needed an extended duration of suitable intravenous antibiotics for recovery.