Demographic characteristics

Frequency or mean (+SD)

Percentage or range

Age (years)

70.2 ± 9.09

45 - 88

Gender

32 F

28 M

53.33%

46.67%

BMI (kg/m²)

30.2 ± 5.65

19.6 - 45.2

Smoking history

2

3.3%

ODI preop

20.3 ± 7.29

4-33

ODI postop (at 1 year)

10.72 ± 6.52

1 - 28