Group | Cause |
Social, historical and cultural background. | First hand experiences, observational learning, cultural context, language and symbols. |
Predispositions. | Focusing on the future, consideration for future consequences, low tolerance for pain, high dependency on reward. |
Past actions/Present choices | Demand elasticity, temporal discount, information on risks, bias towards naive decision: benefits today vs. abstention cost today, smart bias: benefits tomorrow vs. abstention cost today. |
Neurobiology | Brain structure and chemical neurotransmisors, brain structure for pleasure and reward mechanisms, incentive-sensation of addiction, oppose process: states of euphoria and depression, both before and after consumption. |
Underlying processes | Psychological processes outside the individual’s introspection, that automatize addictive behavior. They emerge from outside the individual’s conscience. |