Variable Name | Variable Definition | Participants N = (247) 61.75% | Non-participants N = (153) 38.25% | Difference in mean | ||||||
Mean | S.D. | Mean | S.D. | |||||||
Treatment Variable | ||||||||||
PARTICIPATE | 1 = Yes; 0 = No | |||||||||
Outcome Variables | ||||||||||
FSS | Food Security | 1.25 | 0.49 | 0.82 | 0.55 | 0.43*** | ||||
(Food secure if >1; Food insecure if <1) | ||||||||||
HHINC | Household Income (GH₵) | 8741.59 | 10,137.31 | 2355.36 | 2447.18 | 6386.23*** | ||||
Independent Variables | ||||||||||
Household Characteristics | ||||||||||
SEX | 1 = Male; 0 = Female | 0.76 | 0.43 | 0.80 | 0.40 | −0.04 | ||||
AGE | Farmers’ Age | 49.50 | 10.79 | 52.82 | 11.80 | −3.32*** | ||||
AGESQ | Age*Age | 2566.01 | 66.61 | 2928.02 | 99.13 | 362.01 | ||||
REG | 0 = Upper East; 1 = Upper West | 1.52 | 0.50 | 1.46 | 0.50 | 0.06 | ||||
BASICEDU | 1 = Yes; 0 = No | 0.74 | 0.44 | 0.61 | 0.49 | 0.12** | ||||
SECEDU | 1 = Yes; 0 = No | 0.33 | 0.47 | 0.25 | 0.44 | 0.07 | ||||
TEREDU | 1 = Yes; 0 = No | 0.19 | 0.39 | 0.11 | 0.32 | 0.08** | ||||
MARRIED | 1 = Married;0 = Single | 0.83 | 0.37 | 0.82 | 0.38 | 0.01 | ||||
HSIZE | Household Size | 11.04 | 9.14 | 13.42 | 12.73 | −2.38** | ||||
NUMBER5 | Children below 5yrs | 1.58 | 1.93 | 1.82 | 2.34 | −0.24 | ||||
VGM | Village Group Member | 0.49 | 0.50 | 0.24 | 0.44 | 0.26*** | ||||
ACCLOAN | 1 = Access; 0 = No Access | 0.30 | 0.44 | 0.21 | 0.41 | 0.09* | ||||
RNET | An index where 1 = Bad; 2 = Fairly Good; 3 = Good | 2.17 | 0.62 | 1.96 | 0.50 | 0.21*** | ||||
HSEFAC | House-Health Facility (Km) | 4.06 | 4.61 | 6.13 | 5.32 | −2.06*** | ||||
Farm Characteristics | ||||||||||
NUMFARMS | Number of Farms Owned | 2.85 | 1.72 | 2.27 | 1.50 | 0.58*** | ||||
FARMMKT | Farm-Market (Km) | 5.96 | 6.05 | 8.20 | 11.61 | −2.24** | ||||
FARMMRD | Farm-Major Road (Km) | 4.44 | 4.13 | 7.33 | 11.16 | −2.89*** | ||||
Livestock and Assets | ||||||||||
CATTLE | 1 = Raises Cattle; 0 otherwise | 0.63 | 0.48 | 0.60 | 0.49 | 0.03 | ||||
SHEEP | 1 = Raises Sheep; 0 otherwise | 0.65 | 0.48 | 0.70 | 0.46 | −0.05 | ||||
GOAT | 1 = Raises Goat; 0 otherwise | 0.88 | 0.32 | 0.91 | 0.29 | −0.03 | ||||
POULTRY | 1 = Raises Poultry; 0 otherwise | 0.86 | 0.35 | 0.86 | 0.35 | 0.00 | ||||
GNFOWL | 1 = Raises Fowls; 0 otherwise | 0.70 | 0.46 | 0.75 | 0.44 | −0.05 | ||||
BICYCLE | 1 = Has a Bicycle; 0 otherwise | 0.94 | 0.23 | 0.92 | 0.27 | 0.02 | ||||
MOTORBIKE | 1 = Has a Motor Bike; 0 otherwise | 0.75 | 0.43 | 0.56 | 0.50 | 0.19*** | ||||
TRUCK | 1 = Has a Truck; 0 otherwise | 0.32 | 0.47 | 0.24 | 0.43 | 0.08* | ||||
TV | 1 = Has a Television; 0 otherwise | 0.77 | 0.42 | 0.69 | 0.46 | 0.07 | ||||
MPHONE | 1 = Has a Mobile Phone; 0 otherwise | 0.97 | 0.17 | 0.92 | 0.27 | 0.05** | ||||