Variable Name

Variable Definition

Participants

N = (247) 61.75%

Non-participants

N = (153) 38.25%

Difference in mean

Mean

S.D.

Mean

S.D.

Treatment Variable

PARTICIPATE

1 = Yes; 0 = No

Outcome Variables

FSS

Food Security

1.25

0.49

0.82

0.55

0.43***

(Food secure if >1; Food insecure if <1)

HHINC

Household Income (GH₵)

8741.59

10,137.31

2355.36

2447.18

6386.23***

Independent Variables

Household Characteristics

SEX

1 = Male; 0 = Female

0.76

0.43

0.80

0.40

−0.04

AGE

Farmers’ Age

49.50

10.79

52.82

11.80

−3.32***

AGESQ

Age*Age

2566.01

66.61

2928.02

99.13

362.01

REG

0 = Upper East; 1 = Upper West

1.52

0.50

1.46

0.50

0.06

BASICEDU

1 = Yes; 0 = No

0.74

0.44

0.61

0.49

0.12**

SECEDU

1 = Yes; 0 = No

0.33

0.47

0.25

0.44

0.07

TEREDU

1 = Yes; 0 = No

0.19

0.39

0.11

0.32

0.08**

MARRIED

1 = Married;0 = Single

0.83

0.37

0.82

0.38

0.01

HSIZE

Household Size

11.04

9.14

13.42

12.73

−2.38**

NUMBER5

Children below 5yrs

1.58

1.93

1.82

2.34

−0.24

VGM

Village Group Member

0.49

0.50

0.24

0.44

0.26***

ACCLOAN

1 = Access; 0 = No Access

0.30

0.44

0.21

0.41

0.09*

RNET

An index where 1 = Bad; 2 = Fairly Good; 3 = Good

2.17

0.62

1.96

0.50

0.21***

HSEFAC

House-Health Facility (Km)

4.06

4.61

6.13

5.32

−2.06***

Farm Characteristics

NUMFARMS

Number of Farms Owned

2.85

1.72

2.27

1.50

0.58***

FARMMKT

Farm-Market (Km)

5.96

6.05

8.20

11.61

−2.24**

FARMMRD

Farm-Major Road (Km)

4.44

4.13

7.33

11.16

−2.89***

Livestock and Assets

CATTLE

1 = Raises Cattle; 0 otherwise

0.63

0.48

0.60

0.49

0.03

SHEEP

1 = Raises Sheep; 0 otherwise

0.65

0.48

0.70

0.46

−0.05

GOAT

1 = Raises Goat; 0 otherwise

0.88

0.32

0.91

0.29

−0.03

POULTRY

1 = Raises Poultry; 0 otherwise

0.86

0.35

0.86

0.35

0.00

GNFOWL

1 = Raises Fowls; 0 otherwise

0.70

0.46

0.75

0.44

−0.05

BICYCLE

1 = Has a Bicycle; 0 otherwise

0.94

0.23

0.92

0.27

0.02

MOTORBIKE

1 = Has a Motor Bike; 0 otherwise

0.75

0.43

0.56

0.50

0.19***

TRUCK

1 = Has a Truck; 0 otherwise

0.32

0.47

0.24

0.43

0.08*

TV

1 = Has a Television; 0 otherwise

0.77

0.42

0.69

0.46

0.07

MPHONE

1 = Has a Mobile Phone; 0 otherwise

0.97

0.17

0.92

0.27

0.05**