Sub group	Help	Significant difference
Certification	H1: the current American Nurses Association Code of Ethics	More helpful to those who are certified than to those who are not
	H8: a contact person in your organization to which you can report unethical activity	More helpful to those who are not certified than to those who are
Position title	H7: ethics training provided by your organization	More helpful to COOs than to vice presidents
	H9: a management philosophy in your organization which emphasizes ethics in operations	More helpful to COOs than to managers and directors
	H13: ability to go beyond your boss to higher level managers for information and advice on ethical issues	More helpful to COOs than to managers
	H16: help from your co-workers in resolving ethical dilemmas	More helpful to COOs than to those in other healthcare upper or middle management positions not identified in the survey
	H18: your family and friends who provide support and insight for you in resolving ethical conflicts	More helpful to managers than to vice presidents and those in other healthcare upper or middle management positions not identified in the survey
Highest education degree	H11: an organizational/culture which does not encourage you to compromise your ethical values to achieve organizational goals	More helpful to those with a Master’s degree than to those with a BSN degree
	H13: ability to go beyond your boss to higher level managers for information and advice on ethical issues	More helpful to those with a Master’s degree than to those with a BSN degree
	H15: the fact that your immediate boss does not pressure you into compromising your ethical standards	More helpful to those with a Master’s degree than to those with a BSN degree
Age	H8: a contact person in your organization to which you can report unethical activity	More helpful to those whose ages are 60 - 69 than to those whose ages are 70 - 79
Gender	H15: the fact that your immediate boss does not pressure you into compromising your ethical standards	More helpful to males than females
Type of HCO	H3: professional publications/resources on ethics	More helpful to those employed by government HCOs than to those employed by for-profit HCOs
Ethics committee	H6: your organization’s policy for identifying and resolving ethical issues	More helpful to those whose organization has an ethics committee than to those whose organization does not
	H8: a contact person in your organization to which you can report unethical activity	More helpful to those whose organization has an ethics committee than to those whose organization does not
	H9: a management philosophy in your organization which emphasizes ethics in operations	More helpful to those whose organization has an ethics committee than to those whose organization does not
	H13: ability to go beyond your boss to higher level managers for information and advice on ethical issues	More helpful to those whose organization has an ethics committee than to those whose organization does not
Scope of the ethics committee	H1: the current American Nurses Association Code of Ethics	More helpful to those whose organization has only a clinical ethics committee or both a clinical and an organizational ethics committee than to those whose organization has only an organizational ethics committee
	H2: literature on ethics/professionalism	More helpful to those whose organization has only a clinical ethics committee or both a clinical and an organizational ethics committee than to those whose organization has only an organizational ethics committee
	H3: professional publications/resources on ethics	More helpful to those whose organization has only a clinical ethics committee or both a clinical and an organizational ethics committee than to those whose organization has only an organizational ethics committee